The Politics of Advertising Essay -- Media Argumentative Persuasive Ar

The Politics of Advertising   America has become the epitome of the vindicate enterprise ideal. Mass production, circumstances media, mass promotion. Efficiency and economic choices have become so central to American culture that the rattling fabric of who we atomic number 18 is determined by it. This difference in culture from the rest of the world is readily visible in the way in which American corporations do concern with a focus on efficiency and quantity as opposed to refinement and quality. Advertising, the mass promotion of mass produced products, has become the primary mode of talk and education in todays world. The depart of a continued drive, at every level, for more material wealth, mass promotion has evolved into an art that invades every sector of American life and affects the way in which idiot box and print media, as well as film and politics are run. These structures help to shape the way in which we all live our lives, and to shape the way i n which American culture has and will evolve.   Advertising-the art of selling it-pervades Americas various industries, and helps to shape the way in which radical institutions many assume to be unbiased operate. Many assume that the influence of advertising is obvious in television, and it is perhaps this assumption that makes the in fact very subtle further complete influence of advertising on television media so dramatic. Television commercials are indeed rather obvious on the surface, but their influence runs much deeper than the 30 second slot allotted them in between scheduled programs. In fact, one news manager for a television station said that regular television programs are just there to fill the blank space between the commercials. For example, ... ...n of self.   The end result of a mass promotional society is one in which the political process, family life, and individual development are tied together under the influence of mass media. Basic well- disposed institutions such as news and communications (i.e. television and print media), entertainment, and politics are influenced and in fact driven by the promotion of products and services. The end result of a mass promotional society is one which lacks identity because it is always searching and comparing itself to the surface images and values presented by advertisements one which is wasteful and weak, miss moral strength and contentment and one which is a culture of death, not knowing itself or others and therefore being unable to participate in the constitution of the future, but merely choosing from options presented before its non-creative members.

Deviant Behavior Essay -- Sociology Sociological Psychology Essays

Deviant Behavior Deviant behavior refers to behavior that does not conform to norms, does not meet the expectations of a group of a social club as a whole. After birth, children begin to experience situations with others. They are taught what he or she should and should not do, what is swell or bad and what is right or wrong. Learning habits that conform to the customs and traditions of the groups into which the child is born develops a system of values. These values provide justification and need or for wanting to conclude from behavior that is disapproved.After reading this, one can see how a behavior is considered deviant, but the question is, Why is a certain reference of behavior considered deviant? This paper will take a particular deviant behavior, which is illicit drug routine, and examine why this type of behavior is labeled as deviant. By using theoretical approaches, this paper will provide the reader an explanation of why illicit drug physical exercise occurs in th e first place. Throughout history, all human societies have used drugs, but it hasnt been until recently considered deviant behavior. Drug use was seen only as a personal problem, but todays societies, in general, condemns drug use. There are many reasons for this perception of drug use in our society today. Its stated that since a social process creates standards for deviance, consumption of a particular drug becomes deviant only when individuals and groups define it a such (Clinard and Meier, 2001). This is seen in new laws and legislation against drug use, making drug use, seen by society, as wrong and criminal. This causes public opinion to look at drug use as deviant because the norms of society have been changed. These new laws were passed by legislation because of the common myth that drug use is the cause of bigger problems of society. Society is given the thought that drug users posses certain characteristics which include low self-esteem, social incompetence, inadequate i dentity, easily influenced by peers, and irresponsible or mindless (Moore and Saunders, 1999). This tells society that only troubled tidy sum use drugs. This common belief holds that people using drugs necessarily have personal problems and lack social skills, which then in turn, threatens personal health and worship to societies well being. Also, medically, reference to elicit drug use is considered drug abuse. T... ...s of drug use as very negative because mostly of the formal sanctions powered by the legislature. The media portrays the stereotypes of the type of people who use drugs and this only helps fuel societies approach in dealing with illicit drug use. Society in general needs to refrain from looking at drug use as negative, but look at it as a norm for human beings. Until drug use is seen as a norm, the media and politician will still see that all drug use is a problem, and considered it deviant. Study that would help this issue would be if drug use has any positive be nefits that people who abstain from drugs do not receive.Works Cited1. Akens, Ronald. 1998. Social Learning and Social Structure A General Theory of abuse and Deviance. Boston Northeastern University Press.2. Becker, Howard. 1963. Outsiders Studies in Sociology of Deviance. New York The Free Press.3. Clinad, Marshall and Meier. 2001. Sociology of Deviant Behavior. Orlanda Harcourt College Publishers.4. Goode, Jack. 1994. A Theory about Control. Boulder Westview Press.5. Moore, David and saunders, Bill. 2001. Youth Drug Use and the legal community of Problems. Journal of Drug Issues 13219-235.

The Holocaust Essays -- History, Nazi, The Nuremberg Trials

It is without a doubt that the Holocaust bequeath forever go cut out in history as one of the most heinous crimes against humanity. Even years after the Nazi leadership, effects of the war still haunt the streets of Germany and the memories of the a few(prenominal) survivors still alive today. Hitler and his Nazi regime held power in Germany from 1939 until 1945, when they were defeated by the Allied forces (Davenport 10). Within that time, Hitler was trusty for the death of six million Jewish people, and millions of other non-Jews. (Davenport 10) However, when the war ended, it was a big question as to who to blame for these horrendous crimes. Several of Hitlers head leaders, and Hitler himself, either committed suicide or went into hiding before they could be captured (Austin 2000). In Hitlers last testament, he was quoted to have said, I do not wish to fall into the hands of enemies who will need a spectacle arranged by Jews (Davenport 18). However, Hitler left behind several of his top officers and commanders, who were rounded up and taken to Nuremberg for trial (Davenport 16). Along with the Nazi soldiers and generals, amongst 100,000 and 250,000 Germans directly played a part in the killings and persecution of Jewish citizens in Nazi Germany (Davenport 13). Some believe that it was necessary to hold all German citizens responsible for their involvement in these crimes against humanity however the Nuremberg trials were the best solution for justice, as they showed ignorance and duty were no longer viable excuses for crimes, and they set a precedent for emerging trials by demonstrating a strong intolerance for genocide.Before the trials began, the Allied forces debated on whether it was necessary to try these men, or if it would be bes... ...courts (fix citation). The Nuremberg trials are still heavily debated today, in regards to their effectiveness and whether or not it put the blame on the correct people. However, the trials were highly successfu l. Several of the men were hung for their crimes, and others were sentenced to strenuous prison terms with conditioning therapy afterwards. The Nuremberg Trials has had invariable effect on the world. After these trials, the United Nations began to adopt the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which established that there were such things as crimes against humanity, and that they could be tried any in the world (UMKC).The Nuremberg trials were truly the best solution for justice, showed ignorance and duty were no longer viable excuses for crimes, and it set a precedent for future trials by a strong intolerance for genocide.

Theme of Carl Sagans The Demon-Haunted World :: Sagan Demon-Haunted World Essays

Theme of The Demon-Haunted World  Books that promote pseudoscience are often popular and profitable. Much less marketable are those books which promote skepticism (Nickell 106). The underlying case in the first part of Carl Sagans book The Demon-Haunted World Science as a Candle in the Dark is that there can be arouse harmful effects if science is not used as a way to observe that which is not completely understood. This means that people should study everything objectively and let popular beliefs interfere when drawing their conclusions. In the last part of the book Sagan emphasizes that education is a tool which is much too rarely employ (Sagan 351). Even without stating it directly, Sagans first theme stands out quite well. It doesnt lurk behind sentences, only occasionally poking its head out, it parades in front the paragraphs saying " feel at me" This is because Sagans writing is so vivid and potent. He needs only to add a few comments and his examples exp lain themselves. One the most obvious places this plant is when Sagan writes about medicine and its relationship to science. He describes how medicine was making huge advances until the middle ages when a lack of interest in science caused all overture to stop. There was a century where "no advances were made in any field" (Sagan 17). Disease ran rampant. Sagan then writes about how medicine today has all only when eliminated many once fatal diseases. Here Sagan doesnt have to states his theme, the message is clear where would we be without the medical advances brought about by science? When people stopped employ science as a tool to look at the world there was chaos. In the beginning of the chapter entitled "The Path to Freedom," Sagan chronicles the rise of a modern African-American named Frederick Bailey from an illiterate slave in Baltimore to becoming one of the greatest orators of his time. He changed his name to that of a character in Walter Scotts The Lady of the Lake, becoming who we go as Frederick Douglas (Sagan 353). This and the chapters after it do wonders to show just how much of a benefit one can get from an education. Sagan really has strong feelings about the authority of knowledge. This probably has to do with the fact that he came from a lower middle class family and by working hard has become one of the most prize scientists in the country (Sagan preface).

What Is Morality :: essays research papers

Definition essay What is morality?          Ill tell you that holiness is probably one of the biggest, roughly confusing things to sense of smell at when you need to write a paper about it. After some deliberation, I have concluded a few things about goodity and what it is.     Morality is one of those words that you dont hear very often, and use even less frequently. It is perfectly described by Websters Dictionary as a fixate of guidelines that govern a persons actions. Without such a code, anarchy would rule supreme. Human beings are human because we can limit ourselves and our behaviour. Moral values are a byproduct of a society that must live together. Even though in Mother Nature the only restricting factor is that of reproduction and fork out of food, because our society groups together, (otherwise it probably wouldnt be a society), it needs codes of conduct. We have established government, religion and moral c haracter to regulate this population. All are fairly organized, with moral character being left entirely to the self, while with government or religion often times another person will tell you what to do. Without self-limitation, the Joness across the street would be hell to live with. They would be insulting, perverse, lying and cheating neighbors. Morality, the set of rules that limit excessiveness in our behavior, is the foundation of all government, religion. It moderates our beliefs and laws describes how one should act.      Moral rules, if you will, include several basic so called golden rules thou shalt not kill thou shalt not steal thou shalt not commit adultery etcetera When people start losing some or all of these moral rules, society falls apart. It has been proven, for example, by the Roman Empire. Close to the end of Romes "glorious" rule, they ruled most of the known world. Also, people would have sex with any living thing that had a suit able opening. Human life was taken for granted people committed suicide for stupid reasons depression, shame, angst, my brother died. To our fairly Judeo-Christian moral standards today, this is despicable, horrifying.

What Is Morality :: essays research papers

Definition essay What is Morality?          Ill tell you that morality is believably ace of the biggest, most confusing things to look at when you neediness to write a paper about it. After some deliberation, I have concluded a few things about morality and what it is.     Morality is one of those words that you dont hear very often, and use even less frequently. It is perfectly described by Websters Dictionary as a set of guidelines that govern a persons actions. Without such a code, anarchy would rule supreme. Human organisms are human because we can limit ourselves and our behaviour. Moral values are a byproduct of a society that must live together. Even though in Mother Nature the only restricting factor is that of reproduction and supply of food, because our society groups together, (otherwise it probably wouldnt be a society), it needs codes of conduct. We have established government, religion and moral character t o regulate this population. All are fairly organized, with moral character being left entirely to the self, while with government or religion often times another person will tell you what to do. Without self-limitation, the Joness across the street would be hell to live with. They would be insulting, perverse, lying and cheating neighbors. Morality, the set of rules that limit excessiveness in our behavior, is the foundation of all government, religion. It moderates our beliefs and laws describes how one should act.      Moral rules, if you will, include several(prenominal) basic so called golden rules thou shalt not kill thou shalt not steal thou shalt not commit adultery etc. When concourse down losing some or all of these moral rules, society falls apart. It has been proven, for example, by the Roman Empire. Close to the end of Romes "glorious" rule, they ruled most of the known world. Also, people would have sex with any living thing that had a suit able opening. Human life was taken for granted people committed suicide for unintelligent reasons depression, shame, angst, my brother died. To our fairly Judeo-Christian moral standards today, this is despicable, horrifying.

Doll House Essay

In the capriole A DOLLS HOUSE, we are presented with a very idealistic version of life in the late 1800s, and along with that, the very confined roles both men and women were placed into. A DOLLS HOUSE lends proof to the fact that women do not always enjoy the freedom to say, do and choose a lifestyle that they find fulfilling. The story that the play presents sheds a very domineering light on males as heads of households, and in society in general, and portrays women as dependent and subservient.In the opening scene of A DOLLS HOUSE, the main character Nora very tellingly hides, and later lies to her husband about eating a sugary treat (Ibsen). Although Noras husband Torvald grills with questions such as Hasnt Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking rules in town today? she continues to deny that she has, despite having hidden a fewer macaroons in her pocket moments earlier (Ibsen). The question might arise would a man ever be subject to such questioning and severe restrictions?We do not often see the roles reversed, were the woman controls so often of what a man eats, how much he spends, what he does in his spare time, etc. , peculiarly in literature and other sources of entertainment. Too often, the traditional views of marital and societal roles regarding men and women are presented over and over the male wears the pants, dictating to the woman how much she should spend, where she should spend it, and how to behave Properly.As the play progresses, we learn that Nora has committed a grievous crime, forging her fathers signature on a bond secured in order for she and her husband to spend time in Europe as part of Torvalds recovery from a grave illness. Nora is shown to be very dependent on money, and things of monetary value, and therefore her husband since he was obviously procurer of their financial status.Nora comes across as is very dependent on Torvald for her financial needs, and also passing greedy as evidenced when she exclaims like a child Money at the sight of her husband producing more money to give her (Ibsen). She follows that with ten shillingsa pound- -two pounds Thank you, thank you (Ibsen).Such exchanges throughout the play place such a childlike dependency on Nora towards her husband. It is interesting that Nora takes a secret conceit in her crime, feeling that it sets her apart and gives her more purpose, while at the same time worrying about how humiliating it would be for Torvald, with his manly independence, to k immediately that he owed me anything even fearing that their beautiful happy home would no longer be (Ibsen).Further still throughout the play, we are faced with more evidence to defy the fact that women were not seen as equals in marriage, but as someone to be either proud of or shamed by according to their looks, actions, and might to keep a home running smoothly. Nora herself is very aware of her place as a thing to be admired when she remarks to her friend Mrs.Linde, somedaywhen I am no longer as nice -looking as I am nowwhen Torvald is no longer as devoted to me as he is now when my dancing and dressing-up and reciting have palled on him (Ibsen). Another very telling exchange between Torvald and Nora takes place during the preparation for a ball in which Nora is to dance. While assay to discourage her husband from exhaustting the mail, and finding a letter from the man who was going to reveal her crime, Nora plays to Torvalds dominant tendency insisting that she cannot do it correctly without his help.Although their confabulation is in reference to her dance and practicing, it seems to shed some light on the type of relationship they have. Nora exclaims I cant dance tomorrow if I dont practice with youcriticize me, and correct me to which Torvald replies with great pleasure, if you wish me to (Ibsen). As they practice, Noras nerves about her crime being exposed get the best of her and she is unable to perform correctly. Torvald cries you will need a lot of coachingyou can dep end on me (Ibsen).

Operational Management Kaplan Nortan Generic Map Essay

In Kaplan & Norton Generic Strategy map, one positioning is the learning and growth perspective. rationalize the signifi brush offce of this perspective. Write the requirement of the perspective in detail and what outcome can be achieved if it is followed.Significance * Learning and growth strategies ar important for the ache circumstance development of the firm * Learning and growth perspective defines the intangible assets which are indispensable to enable the activities and customer relationships to be performed at high level * It includes measurement for people (employee retention, training, skills, morale) * It also measure critical real time information needed for front line employees * The chain of cause and effect relationships go to cause improvements in business processes , which in turn cause improvements in sales and financial measurement of profitability. The direction of cause and effects relationship can be emphasized as Learning and growth Internal business pr ocess Customer Financial * It continuously develop and deliver new advanced(a) products and services * Organization innovation and learning perspective is used to maintain infrastructure needed for long term growth and improvements. Learning and Growth perspectiveIn learning and growth perspective arrangements purpose is to achieve its mission and how it will sustain its ability to change and improve it defines the intangible assets that are needed to enable activities and customer relationship to be performed at high levels of performance so that the firm can serve its customer well. This perspective is also the subaltern of forming strategy if base is well structured and aligned with the organizational objective strategy can prove itself more effective. It is important important for the long term development of the firm.RequirementsRequirements of learning and growth perspective are listed below * Strategic competencies * Strategic technologies * Climate for actionStrategic c ompetencies Strategic competencies are the strategic skills and fellowship required by the work force to support the strategy. Strategy itself is of no use until unless supported and use by the workforce of the organization. Employees should be involved in decision making so that they considered themselves a part of the firm and take rational decisions about .If some employee is doing well for the organization firm should reward him and fall apart him recognition for the job that he has performed well this thing gives us the concept of motivation it is the driving force that drives a person to achieve its objective.Strategic Technologies These are the materials and process technologies, information system, databases, tools, and network required to support the strategy. Once strategy is made now it requires some technical software tools for its processing it can be some software that enable the work force to reduce times in the operations of the business. An organization can gain competitive edge everyplace its competitors by using technologies.Climate for actions Climate for action provides the cultural shifts needed to motivate, empower, and align the workforce behind the strategy . its the course of action that how organization is going to align its strategic competencies, strategic technologies with each other . organization matches its abilities with its strategies and oversees if it can perform as they have made the strategy. Its a plosive speech sound where organization checks its strategic fit between the organizational plan and resources employed for it . It accesses the climate prior to the action .OutcomesAs it focuses on intangible assets of the firm in the main on the internal skills and capabilities of the employees that are required to support the value creating internal processes. It also describes how technology people are combined to support the strategy and if it is implemented it can lead in the improvement in the internal processes, c ustomers, and financial perspective

Niche Marketing

1) What is niche market? The word niche is defined as A special area of demand for a products or service. The word marketing is defined as The opportunity to buy or sell. Niche merchandising federal agency buying or selling a product or service in a special area of demand. All that really means product or service is being sold to the people who are most interested in that particular product or service and not to the world in general. Often time big businesses use niche marketing.For example, a company that makes computers and computers accessories might advertise all-in-one such as copy, printer and image scanner to the home computer user while at the same time advertising single function machines to large businesses. One of the things that make niche marketing so attractive to sellers is that their advertising budgets go further. It costs less to advertise to a specialized market that it does to advertise to a broader market.Niche marketing essential be designed to meet the uni que needs of the targeted audience. Niche marketers must tailor their product to meet those unique needs. Example, I develop design a product to make poodle grooming easy enough for the untrained professional to do it, those who own poodles will be most interested in the products. Those who own Blood Hounds or cats will not care so much. 2) As an automobile retailer, what would you propose to increase sales volumes through niche marketing?Toyota is a huge multinational company. At first glance, it appears that Toyota focuses on the auto business as a whole both from a marketing and outturn standpoint. Notwithstanding this fact, Toyota is excellent when it comes to niche marketing. Toyota will search for niches for which it can supply a product in need. Toyota was one of the first companies to realize there was a group of car buyers who would be very interested in environmentally friendly cars. To answer this need, it came up with the legendary Prius.The Prius is the first mass pro duction hybrid car. Where other car manufacturers saw Toyota taking a huge risk, Toyota saw it as an opportunity to identify a new niche and establish its leaf blade in that niche. In marketing, it is often the first brand on the scene that takes the day. Once Toyota took the plunge, it pursued an effective niche marketing plan. It didnt promote the Prius in just any media. It focused on media outlets that were watched, read or listened to by people concerned about the environment.For example, it heavily promoted the car through environmental groups and their publications. As the only game in town at that time, Toyota not only dominated the niche. 3) Explain the role of RMI. RMI create brand awareness and communication tools which have been use from any companys. They publish their own magazine naming Automobil. RMI also responsible for assisting its members with all matters surrounding the motor industry while assure that members do comply with high level of business and offers a revenue generating device through its unique niche status.

Historical and Current Issues Going on Between North and South Sudan in Africa

Historical and Current issues going on between North and southmost Sudan in Africa Sudan and South Sudan have markinged a non-aggression accordance over their disputed perimeter following talks in Addis Ababa where African Union-led negotiations between the dickens sides argon being held. The deal was signed by doubting Thomas Douth, the head of South Sudans intelligence bureau, and Mohammed Atta, Sudans director of national intelligence and security. The two countries agree to non-aggression and co-operation, Thabo Mbeki, the chief negotiator and former president of South Africa, told reporters on Friday. agree to the pact, the two sides agreed respect for each others sovereignty and territorial integrity and to refrain from launching any attack, including bombardment.The countries disputes center on four issues personal line of credit of the vegetable oil and mineral rich disputed border between the two countries, the price the South will pay the north to move southern oil th rough the northern pipeline to Port Sudan for shipment, surreptitious support by both governments of rebellious groups in each others territories, and final implementation of provisions of the two countries peace agreement to resolve peacefully the governance of Blue Nile Province, the Nuba Mountains, and the Abyei region.Nearly two years have passed since the governments of Sudan and South Sudan started negotiations. The negotiation teams first met in July 2010 to sign the guiding principles for South Sudans referendum and secession process however, progress has been slow. Today this stalled negotiation process threatens the peace and stability of the two Sudans and the region at large. Therefore, its boffo conclusion should be a priority for both governments and the greater international community.The outbreak of violence in South Kordofan in June 2011, and in Blue Nile in September 2011, has undermined the already tenuous security environment and blocked progress on critical out standing negotiation issues. The conflicts in South Kordofan and Blue Nile are central to the negotiation process. The Government of Sudan has called for South Sudan to stop its alleged support of the Sudan Peoples LiberationMovement-North, or SPLM-N, and for security to be established along their contested border. The north-south border area has been militarized for several years this ominous military buildup by both countries brings them one step closer to war. A year ago the southerly government stopped all oil production about 70 percent of historic Sudans known oil reserves are in the South when it discovered the Khartoum government was diverting oil, selling it on the spot market, and taking all of the revenue.

Graded Unit Essay

As a HNC Health C be student I am required to provide evidence of the following principal aims and objectives to integrate noesis, theory and practice, to develop and apply a broad knowledge and skills and to have an virtuallyone persevering/client focus in my practice. To achieve all of the above I am required to complete project in a frame of reference of Graded Unit which consists of three stages planning, development and evaluation.After consultation with my work experience mentor and lead lecture (appendix 1 and 2) it was agreed, the project go forth be a breast feeding activity, weighing a patient , which will be carried bulge out within an ambulatory care settings which is my current placement . This will debate place on Monday the 22nd of April. The chosen activity is a part of the patients treatment care plan and its aims maintaining patients safety related to typeset medicine administration as well as to detect potential side effectuate associated with pharmacolog ical treatment. In accordance with applicable law (Data egis Act 1998) and to maintain patient confidentiality and privacy the name of the patient has been changed. I will be referring to the patient as Cinderella. The patients mortalal information had been obtained with her consent and knowledge (NMC Code of Conduct 2008).Cinderella is a 26 years old patient attending the Peter Burnt Centre at Aberdeen purple Infirmary where she has been receiving Hepatitis C (HCV) treatment since November 2012. Cinderella lives alone in high rise block of flats in one of Aberdeen City Council estate. She left school at the age of sixteen with no qualifications and riding habitd medicines for several years. She was brought up by single parent her mother, and has no siblings. With the help from local drug rehabilitation team she managed to stop using drugs for flipper years. Currently she works as a housekeeper on a part time bases in one of the hotels in the city centre. Recently, she has re duced the number of running(a) hours out-of-pocket to the side effects of medication which make her feel very tired. She also complains of an upset stomach and lack of appetite. After having a chat with Cinderella she has told me that her affectionate life and circle of friends is quite limited as her income is now much lower. She also mentioned that is quiet difficult to make new friends while you have drug use history.When speaking to Cinderella it became evident to me that being HCV positive makes her feels worse than others and reminds her of when she was using drugs. It is wellevidenced that people who have both history of drug use and disease which can be sexually transmitted such is HCV, are likely to experience stigma and discrimination in their life (Gilman 1999).Stigma and discrimination are socioeconomic factors which have a damaging health, cordial and financial consequences (Nursing Standard 2008). It is believed that those who are stigmatised and discriminated are more likely to have a lower income and due to this cannot afford to purchase better quality food, better housing, live in safer environments and have worse access to healthcare and education. Cinderellas low socioeconomic consideration and negative social attitudes evidently put her physical and mental wellbeing at risk. Stigma and discrimination may relate to Social Symbolic fundamental interaction Theory and in particular to the supposition of labelling and its negative impact on people behaviour and self- concept (Miller J, Gibb S 2007).This would also fit with Carl Rodgers Person- Centred Theory and his idea of self- concept. Self concept in other words is how we perceive and value our self. Rogers believes that humans need a positive environment to achieve fulfilment in their lives. In Cinderellas case both her socioeconomic status and unfavorable social attitudes may make her feel negatively about herself and stop her from social integration. I also believe that Abraham Masl ows Hierarchy of Needs can be applied to the patient situation. According to this psychological perspective every person is motivated by their needs and cannot achieve his/he full potential (self-actualization) if some of these are not met.I feel that this may relate to Cinderellas safety, love and belongings needs. Limited social contacts, stigma and fear caused by her illness may stop her from moving on to the next level disposition development. To support people in similar to Cinderellas circumstances the Scottish Government launched the Hepatitis C Action Plan in 2006. The aim of this policy is to modify health care services for people living with HCV and to tackle HCV- related social stigma, by rising public awareness and changing the way HCV is represent in media.I have decided to use Roper Logan and Tierney twelve activities of daily living (A DLs) to asses Cinderellas needs. The reason for this is that I find it to be the nursing model which is very efficient in assessin g basic day to day activities which have its own importance to the survival of lifealso it follows the objectives of my graded unit. For the conclusion of this project I will focus on maintaining safe environment in relation to Cinderellas HCV antiviral therapy. Cinderella had been referred to Peter Brunt Centre at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary by her GP due to the result of blood test which revealed Hepatitis C antibodies. After a number of blood tests and liver biopsy Cinderella had been diagnosed with Chronic Hepatitis C with genotype 1 and mild liver damage. HCV is a disease caused by blood borne virus Hepatitis C, which infects the liver and causes its inflammation (British Liver Trust 2010). The term degenerative describes illnesses that last for a long period of time (more than six months) or for the whole life. The liver is an organ which is a part of the digestive system and carries out numerous important jobs such as detoxification, aiding digestion or extracting nutrients.T hese play a vital role in maintenance of equilibrium of the body internal environment, cognize as a homeostasis. Due to prolonged liver inflammation scaring of liver tissue occurs (fibrosis) and permanent liver damage is likely to occur (cirrhosis, liver cancer). As a result liver work capacity become impaired and the whole body may become poisoned (WHO 2011). There are several effective HCV treatment options available however none of them gives a one hundred percent guarantee. Nevertheless, comelyly matched therapy can permanently clear the virus from blood and bar liver from further damage. Cinderella after consultation with liver specialist doctor and liver specialist liver nurse decided to undergo HCV treatment cognize as a triple therapy which is recommended by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) The effectiveness of treatment among other factors lay in an adequate dosage and duration of medicine intake.Both too low or too high dosage as well as sid e effects of medication may negatively impact Cinderellas physical health and put her life at risk. To maintain the patient safety it was agreed that Cinderella will be visiting PBC every Monday for blood tests and weight checks. To ensure Cinderellas safety I will follow appropriate NHS procedures and policies (NHS Procedure guidelines Weighing the patient 2008) in line with the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974). To perform chosen activity I will require specific resources which I listed in Appendix 3 and project timescale (see Appendix 4). I have obtained consent from a different patient who is also visiting PBC this day if for some reason I will not be able to complete it withCinderella.ReferencesHealth Protection Scotland a division of NHS National Services Scotland. (2009). Blood Borne Viruses & sexually Transmitted Disease . Available http//www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/bbvsti/hepatitisc.aspx. Last accessed 25yh March 2013. The Scottish Government (2011). The Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Framework 2011-15 . Edinburgh Scottish Government. p31- 42. Grundy G, Beeching N . (2004). reason social stigma ii women with hepatitis C. Nursing Standard. 19 (4), 35-39. Gilman S (1999) Disease and stigma. Lancet. 354, Suppl, SIV15. World Health Organization. (2012). Hepatitis C . Available http//who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/index.html. Last accessed 5th April 2013. Nicole Cutler. (2007). suspension the Hepatitis C Social Stigma. Available http//www.hepatitis-central.com/mt/archives/2007/08/breaking_the_he.html. Last accessed 7th April 2013. British Liver Trust. (2011). Facts and functions of the liver. Available http//www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/conditions/in_depth/liver/liver_facts_functions.shtml. Last accessed 11th April 2013. Maslow, A. H. (1970). indigence and Personality. New York Harper & Row Rogers, Carl. (1951). Client-centered Therapy Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London Constable. Miller,J and Gibb, S (2007). Care in practise for Higher Second Edition. Paisley Hodder gibson. 202-204. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008). The code Standards of conduct, transaction and ethics for nurses and midwives. London NMC. p2- 8. Roper, Logan, Tierney (1980). The elements of nursing. Edinburgh Churchhill livingstone. 141.

Where Have You Been and Where Are You Going

When comparing the two characters in the short stories made me think of a quote, I perceive growing up as a kid. Telling a teenager the facts of life is like giving a fish a bath. Now exercise these two stories the truth of that quote rings true. As teenagers we were invisible to life and the consequences of those decisions. I made many mistakes, as teenagers that, I now realize were insane and not intelligent. Life lessons are tough as Sammy and Collie both discovered.In the short story of A&P Sammy is a hormone driven new-fangled teenager who is attracted to three new-made girls that walk into his store on a slow day in nothing more than a suggestive locomote suit. In a hormone obsessed stupor Sammy wants to impress these rebellious teenage girls. As you read the story you see how Sammy becomes enamored with the three new-fashioned girls in what can be only describe as erotic and stimulating instantly. Sammy describe one of the girls swim suit as the straps were off her sho ulders looped unbend around the cool tops of arms, and I guess as a result the suit had slipped a little on her. (Kennedy 17)This is definition of hormones because any young man is hoping to catch a peek at a naked woman. As a teenager that is what you pray for at night. Sammy became even more rancid on when her eyes moved across the racks, and stopped, and turned so slow it made my stomach rub the inside of my apron. (Kennedy 17) This could be considered Sammys first lubricious affair from afar. Sammy wants to be noticed by these girls but the moment hasnt presented itself. Mr. Lengel gives him the perfect opportunity to become their champion.When Mr. Lengel express to the girls how inappropriate their appearance are for a grocery store. Sammy went into a fit of anger to be dramatic from his future suitors. In Sammys mind these young beautiful teenagers were making a closure of loveliness that existed only on a higher level and it was free of the codes of the average grocery s hopper. Sammy resigns in an attempt to defend their honor, but recognizes his foolishness when the girls bring come to the fore without giving him as much as a glance. In the short story of Where are you going.Where have you been was a very hard trying man to read. Connie is a young girl and knows it all. Connie was a typical teenager female who only concerns were her looks, popular music, and boys. Connie was preoccupied with her appearance that she would crane her neck into the mirrors, or checking other peoples faces to make sure her own was all right. (Oates 381) Connies father would reprimand about being so vain and belittled her by placing her older sister on a pedal stool to live up too.Connies mother urged her to be more responsible which is something we all hear as teenagers. Connie wished her mother and sister was dead because she wanted to be her own individual. Connie like a typical teenager felt invisible and she ignored her mothers warnings. Connie is able to han g out with her friends because June had set a good precedent. Connies best friends father would drive them to the shopping core and pick them up with no questions. Connie and her friends would use the shopping plaza as the meeting place but only to run to the dine-in to meet boys.Sunday good afternoon the family goes to a barbecue at the Aunts house. When asked by her mother if she wanted to go, Connie rolled her eyes and said no because she wanted to feel self-reliant plus she was to good to hang out with little kids and play. Connie was a grown woman until Arnold arrived and brought back to reality. This story is sad responsibility and paying attention to her surrounds is important. Connie cried out for her sister and mother when Arnold was abducting her with no success.The same people she wanted dead for independence she wanted to save her from this monster. The similarity between the short stories by John Updike and Joyce Carol Oates shows how as teenagers we act impulsively, we are invisible, and no care for consequences. Not until new-mader after time realize our mistake but it is to late to correct. Those mistakes are called life lessons and that is what both these characters have in common. Sammy and Connies lessons is simple as a teenager you are not untouchable but susceptible to lifes painful lessons.

The Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade agreement Derek Matthews world(prenominal) Relations Abstract The Arms Trade Treaty is the dissolving agent of an global consensus that there is a need for global build up canon. This belief began to develop after the Cold War in response to consequences facing the world-wide community from countries whom purchased implements of war unimpeded and used them towards aggressive and oppressive ends.The Arms Trade pact has been applauded as an initial example to begin practical murder of impelling arms regulations with the context of international consensus in a way that lead reduce egregious human rights violations and increase weapons accountability as well as regional stability. there are criticisms as to the future effectiveness of the treaty because the oscilloscope of the treaty covers arms sales, not other forms of arms transfer and because major arms exporters reach abstained from participating in the treaty.These realities are staunch hurdles towa rds the future effectiveness of governing policies that may evolve from the treaty. Because the treaty has not reached the stage of verification, an actual analysis of the impacts of this treaty have yet to be seen. Background The origins of the international arms regulation and thus, the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) can be traced back to the start of the Cold War. NATO had an inte bear in slowing the transfer of advanced military technologies to the Soviet Union.They created the Coordinating Committee for six-sided Export curtails (COCOM) to block arms, industrial technologies, and atomic technologies from being exported to the Soviet Union from countries in the Warsaw Pact. This was not a nonproliferation regime and its limited scope proved ill-equipped to handle the emerging problems of the Post-Cold War era. This was evident during the 1991 Iranian Gulf War where the Iraqi military was able to build the worlds fourth-largest military with $40 billion in foreign weapons purchases. Lewis, 2005) After the war, western countries began working on international agreements aimed to stop destabilizing accumulations like the arms transfer piece in the Middle East. (Collina, 2012) The idea for these international agreements was proposed by the United Kingdom which wanted a global regime aimed at avoiding arms transfers that could destabilize a region, put human rights at risk, or provide inappropriately advanced technology. (Lewis, 2005) The row set forth in this goal would lead to a kitchen stove of international agreements and guidelines aimed at reducing illicit arms trade and defining the parameters of what illicit arms trade entailed the United Nations (UN) Registry for Conventional Arms in 1991, the US begins work on the US Code of Conduct Bill in 1993, the Warsenaar Agreement in 1996, UN Guidelines for International Arms Transfers in 1996,Oscar Arias and a concourse of Nobel Laureates produce first draft of the International Code of Conduct on Arms Transfer s in 1997, European Code of Conduct in 1998, US passes International Code of Conduct in 1999, UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in just Its Aspects in 2001, Organization of the Statesn States (OAS) Model Regulations for the Control of the International Movement of Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition in 2003, Great Lakes and Horn of Africa region adopt the capital of Kenya Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in 2004, UN begins work on a global arms trade treaty in 2006, the General Assembly of the UN votes overwhelmingly for approval of the global Arms Trade Treaty on April 2, 2013. Shah, 2008)(Charbanneau, 2013) For the two decades following the end of the Cold War, the world has been paltry in the direction towards a global consensus on how we should provide accountability and responsibility to the selling of weapons culminating with an almost un animous agreement laid out in the Arms Trade Treaty of 2013 which was passed through the General Assembly of the United Nations with a vote of one hundred fifty-five for, 3 against, and 22 abstained. (Charbanneau, 2013) Reason for the ATT The trade of goods internationally has long been subject to regulation. The import and export of cars and clothes has more restrictions on trade than Ak-47s and rocket launchers. So when the discussion surrounding arms trade regulation began, it was initially just a way for western nations to stem the unfettered growth of aggressive militaries which caused regional instability much(prenominal) as Iraq in the Persian Gulf War.However, once these discussions entered the international arena, it was easy to see the practicality in implementing arms regulation and to contextualize the benefit that regulation would have on preventing numerous other instances of international instability. (UN Conference, 2013) From the Contras in Nicaragua, to the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, to the Lords Resistance Army in Uganda, it is easy to see the potential social and human impact of effective restrictions on the sale of weapons. The reason behind arms trade regulations is to stop weapons from falling into the hands of criminals, gangs, warlords, and terrorists who would use them to oppress human rights and destabilize the region.There are economical impacts as well. The unrestricted sale of weapons results in damages through crime, gang violence, and piracy that vastly exceed the initial profits from selling them. UN peacekeeping missions alone cost the world over $7 billion a year and the global burden of fortify violence stands at $400 billion. (UN Conference, 2013) ATT Policy Goals To wrap up the lack of international oversight on arms trade, the UN formulated language designed to codify the growing international consensus of what responsible arms trade should fashion like. Through various concessions to accommodate differing opinions, th ey formulated a treaty with two rationales in mind.The first was to stop sales to state end-users that would use them to undermine global peace and security, violate international human rights laws, impair socio-economic development, or are at risk to re-export those weapons which then might come into the hands of organized criminals or terrorists. The second rationale is to close loopholes in trade regulations and strengthen the effectiveness of legal frameworks to hinder the illicit arms market which provides weapons to end-users whom would normally be nix from acquiring them through legal means. (Kimball, 2011) The idea behind this rationale is to end the prevalence of weapons smugglers like Viktor Bout, whose actions inspired the film Lord of War.These smugglers effectively act upon loopholes in national and international laws to provide illegal arms around the world. (Austin, 2012) The Arms Trade Treaty would also seek to strengthen transparency and inform on arms trade tran sfers and the production of munitions which will provide more accountability for States actions. (Kimball, 2013) The treaty was created with the original UN Charter Chapter 7 clause 51 in mind which reads, Nothing shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs. The treaty was influence to allow arms purchases justified through the realm of self-defense and to fight back against regimes that violate human rights.The vague nature of the language still leaves crucial room for state differences on what acts will be deemed self-defense or political struggle. The language is also weak on providing a legal framework to deal with non-state actors and terrorism. The policies laid out by the Arms Trade Treaty are primarily aimed towards better control over the export sale of arms however there is little language to account for the import of arms or for arms transfers which are labeled gifts, or trades. Impacts and Opinions There are 193 o utgrowth States of the UN General Assembly. The vast majority of them agree with the ATT, although most have varying reservations to the limitations of the treaty.The treaty is considered a floor of regulation from which to work with and not a ceiling. 155 States voted in favor of the treaty, the most impactful vote came from the US. The development of this treaty was coming to a close in 2008 after the US Senate voted their intention to deny check of a ATT treaty. The withdrawal of support from the top arms exporter in the world would have vastly diminished the prospects for any meaningful implementation without the support of the US. The US has come out in support of this treaty since 2009, and the re nakeded support by the US fundamentally changes the effectiveness that implementation of the treaty will have.The US did influenced language in the treaty to ensure that the regulations will not impede on States domestic hero rights and will not visit the bar of States that already practice a high level of arms control. Despite this accommodation made specifically for the US, the National Rifle Association (NRA), a powerful interest group within America, is against the ATT and threatens to stop ratification in the Senate on the grounds increased regulation will affect domestic gun ownership. (MacFarquhar, 2013) The UN Association (UNA) which lobbies on be fractional of the UN in America, stands in strong support of the ATT and is working to combat poorly informed opinions on the nature and language contained within the ATT. (UNAUSA, 2013) Proponents on both sides of the Syrian conflict voted against or abstained from the ATT.Syria and Iran voted against the proposal while China and Russia abstained because of the lack of an explicit prohibition on the supply of weapons to non-state actors that would, for example, restrain the ability of Syrias armed opposition from building up its stockpile. (Lynch, 2013) Many of the Persian gulf powers which support the Syr ian opposition, such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Yemen abstained from the vote as well. The vague language in the ATT allows for political pressuring to frame either the Syrian opposition as terrorist groups or the Syrian regime as human rights oppressors and potentially justify a moratorium on arms exports to those organizations. This is one of the main criticisms of the ATT.India also abstained from voting for the treaty, stating that the language was the draft treaty was tilted in favor of the worlds leading arms exporters. early(a) abstentions came from the Latin American sect of countries that generally vote against all US led initiatives in the UN. These countries include Bolivia, Ecuador and Nicaragua. However, the treaty was met with tremendous support in the rest of Latin America and Africa, countries that have seen a tremendous amount of instability at the hands of organizations who receive their arms through illicit arms trafficking such as the drug cartels and the Musl im resistance movements. These countries mainly asserted that in the long run, the treaty would curb the arms sales that have fueled many conflicts. MacFarquhar, 2013) The cumulative sum of opposition and abstention for various reasons creates a reality where some of the top arms exporters have chosen not to adhere to the in the altogether treaty. This creates concerns on the ultimate effectiveness of the treaty, because a large part of the export nations the treaty was designed to add transparency and regulation to are not participants. America and the Western nations make up a tremendous percentage of global arms sales the percentage fluctuates annually, but America generally represents around half of all arms sales and the UK, France, and other European countries account for between 10 and 15 percent of global sales. Shanker, 2012) So the impact of this treaty will be felt through close to three quarters of global sales, and the hope is that as international norms strengthen, th e outlier nations will feel the pressure to conform to these new international standards as well. Success of the treaty Impact analysis over the next decade will truly define the success of this treaty. In fact, ratification will not even begin until June 3, 2013. Every state will define the standards to which they want the treaty to measure up to and view success through that lens. Pertinent questions might arise over the next decade, about how the ATT shifted geopolitical power, how it will enforce arms transfers for conflicts where the consensus is split such as Syria, and whether it will have the teeth to prevent the widening of the black market which generally occurs when more stringent legal precedents are set.At the bare minimum, this treaty must succeed at stopping the supply of weapons to regions of conflict where there is an overwhelming international consensus about the extent of human rights violations being carried out under a particular regime. There will always be pol itical conflict, but through the ATT the ultimate success will be when it succeeds in ensuring that conflict does not manifest into disproportionate violence and perhaps alter the path of least resistance to a point where it is more expedient to resolve conflict through nonviolent means. References Austin,K. L. (2012, alarming 20). What Mauritius Can Teach Us About the Global Arms Trade NYTimes. com. RetrievedApril11, 2013, from http//atwar. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/08/20/what-mauritius-can-teach-us-about-the-global-arms-trade/? ref=viktorbout Charbonneau,L. (2013, April 2). U. N. verwhelmingly approves global arms trade treaty Reuters. RetrievedApril11, 2013, from http//www. reuters. com/article/2013/04/02/us-arms-treaty-un-idUSBRE9310MN20130402 Collina,T. (2012, October). The Wassenaar accord at a Glance Arms Control Association. RetrievedApril11, 2013, from http//www. armscontrol. org/factsheets/wassenaar Kimball,D. G. (2013, March 27). Final Arms Trade Treaty A Good Step For ward Arms Control Association. RetrievedApril11, 2013, from http//www. armscontrol. org/pressroom/Final-Arms-Trade-Treaty-A-Good-Step-Forward Kimball,D. G. (2011, October). The Arms Trade Treaty At a Glance Arms Control Association. RetrievedApril11, 2013, from

People are not free to make moral decisions Essay

Is it right to say that our actions argon determined, or atomic number 18 they free? exhausting fatalists argue that when we progress a moral finality, we stand no free will. This is significant be evidence if we do non choose our actions we cannot be held morally responsible for(p). Given our experience of decision make this determinist position is cloggy to accept and maybe the compatabilist approach of soft determinism is more valid. frail Determinists recognise that we can make a decision freely that is coerced but the choices in themselves may be determined themselves.This contrasts with libertarianism, which states that we freely choose our actions and rejects determinism. To richly examine whether we atomic number 18 in fact free or not to make moral decisions, we must first analyse what particular factors affect our decision devising. When we debate over a decision we rent/ weigh up our preferences, we know that we name a choice and whole we can make tha t choice, this is know as a libertarian soak up.Libertarians believe that we lead full responsibility of our actions and nothing else affects our decision, however genes, environs, lifestyle and our procreation affect or sometimes might determine our choices. Determinism objects libertarianism and believes that our choices atomic number 18 influenced by factors other than the will of the individual, events and actions argon predetermined by other events therefore freedom of choice is an illusion. Free will is the term make up of autos meaning self and nomos meaning rule.Many philosophers such as Kant say that you can only be responsible for actions that you undertake of your own will, this is opposed to Determinism. Libertarianism is the belief that human beingss atomic number 18 free to make moral choices and therefore morally responsible. By liberty we can only mean a force play of acting of not acting according to the determinations of the will. David Hume. In the defin ition of libertarianism a distinction surrounded by the psyches character or personality and his/or her moral self. It is this moral self or will that is free.Your circumstances is allotted to you, but you shall choose it for yourselves. Plato. There are many arguments that support libertarianism, the most predominant of these be the argument from experience, this states that we all experience making choices, such as the very fact that I am sat here writing this essay is the take of a choice, I did have another(prenominal) option so I couldve chose otherwise. We are alike aware of going through a decision making process, we can weigh up our options and act upon this.Libertarians also believe in the needful cause stating that for Y to happen X must have caused it, without X Y will not happen. This is a determinist understanding, However Libertarians recognise that causes are contingent and not necessary, they may or may not cause Y, this is a libertarian view. However opposed to this Determinists would argue that if free will exists then what actually causes our actions, surely our actions are caused by something, for example what about our past experiences and emotions?Also a determinist would argue is it part of human nature to assume that we are free and what exactly is moral responsibility, and how is this separate from our personality. If it comes from the soul then what causes the soul. severely determinism states that people do not have free will to act in moral situations. It also states that all(prenominal)thing has a prior cause which precedes it everything is a product of the cause which is unchangeable and fixed. Therefore we cannot be held morally responsible or blameworthy for their actions because their actions are determined.When we think that we are making a moral decision, fleshy determinists believe that this is an illusion that we are free but in fact we are not and the decision that we made was already determined. John Lockes exam ple of the man in the locked room shows that we believe that we are free but we are actually not. However libertarians would argue that we had the choice whether or not to go into the locked room. Psychological determinism is another form of Hard Determinism. This suggests that our characters are determined by our upbringing and experiences.There are many influencing factors on human doings such as hereditary, society, culture and environment. Freud taught that our early years have impact on our actions in the future, there is also much evidence to support this view such as Pavlovs dogs which operant conditioning demonstrates that we can mould our behaviour through rewards and sanctions, it also demonstrates how our behaviour is determined. However a libertarian would argue that conscionable because you can condition one element of decision making doesnt mean that all behaviour is determined, we always have a choice.Theological determinism is also another form of hard determinism. This is the view that the causal chain can be traced back to an uncaused causer, as shown in Aquinas Cosmological argument, and this uncaused causer is God. If God is, as suggested by Calvin through his predestination view which suggests that God has already determined a plan for us so we are either cursedly (going to hell) or elect (going to heaven) , an omnipotent and omniscient God then we cannot have free will as our actions must be predetermined because of this.There are many criticisms for this view that Libertarians would address as it conflicts with biblical teachings as in Genesis it states that God gave us free will and also for theological determinism to be accepted, libertarians would also argue that there is no proof of this God, so in their view we still have a choice. A form of Hard Determinism that contrasts and argues this view is scientific determinism this approach states that science tells us that for every physical event there is a physical cause.If we consid er the mind to be material action mechanism in the brain, so then our thoughts are also pre determined. Another form of hard determinism is Biological determinism which states that our characters are determined by our genes, this is partly true as genes do give us our characteristics such as what we look like, even our IQ, all this can determine our behaviour for example the violent gene as evidence can be traced back to the genome (e. g. a violent gene recognised by the Italian supreme court).However libertarians would argue that because there is only 0. 2% variation in our DNA, so this doesnt seem efficient enough to explain all the variations in human behaviour, its not just our genetic makeup that influences our behaviour, and they would argue that we always have a choice. Soft determinism states that we are morally responsible for our actions this approach allows libertarianism and hard determinism to be compatible. It states that as long as no one forces you to make a decisio n then you are free, this can be described as internal freedom.However soft determinists make a distinction between internal and external causes, these explain why freedom and Jeremy moral responsibility are not only compatible with determinism but actually require it. Soft Determinism, conflicting hard determinism, allows for moral responsibility, for example if person A does not save a drowning child because person A cannot swim, he is not morally responsible. However, if he chooses not to because of his personality, a combination of his conditioning, an upbringing and so forth, then he is to be held responsible.Soft determinists believe that all human actions are caused and when we say that a person acted freely we are not saying that there was no cause but quite an they were not forced to do it, here they act as free agents even though their actions are still caused. A main philosopher associated with soft determinism is Hume whom was a soft-determinist. He stated that all thi ngs are necessary and believed that some things are uncaused or happen as the result of chance.Hume also believed that we are free, he goes on to say that we dont blame people for things they do ignorantly, and blame them less for things that are not premeditated, and any sense of moral blame can only come if something we do is the result of our character. Hume believed that free will, and moral responsibility, require determinism. Soft determinists are criticised by hard determinists for failing to realise the design to which human freedom is limited and also by libertarians for failing to recognise the true extent of freedom.Whilst Soft determinism offers a middle ground between hard determinism and libertinism an agreeable account of moral freedom, a bloodline still has to be drawn between that which is determined and that which is open to choice. The major fault with soft determinism is that they have to try and agree on what is a determining factor and what is not and the com plexities of genetics, psychology makes such a line difficult for them to draw.So In conclusion, through the arguments expressed in this essay, I believe that perhaps a Soft Determinist approach is more susceptible towards moral decision making, as although it allows us to make our own decisions, they are to an extent determined due to numerous factors such as our upbringing, environment and culture, however it also allows us to accept responsibility for our actions whatever they may be.

Dasdasdas

Smaato is the leading planetary unstable advertising exchange and helps mobile app developers and p ublishers make more ad revenues worldwide. As an industry groundbreaker and leader, Smaato provides Ads for Apps operating the innovative leading mobile advertising optimization platform called SOMA. SOMAs singular feature is the aggregation of 80+ leading ad networks globally to maximize mobile advertising revenues. to a greater extent than 70,000 app developers and publishers use Smaato to monetize their content in over 230 countries. The company was founded in 2005 in USA, Smaatos global headquarter is in San Francisco.Eu ropean headquarter is in Hamburg in Germany and the APAC headquarter is in Singapore. Smaato is one of the AlwaysOn Global 250 winners in the Mobile category (2012 & 2011) and was named a company to watch in 2010? by Financial Analyst Company GP Bullhound. Currently we atomic number 18 looking for Java Developer (Hamburg, GERMANY) As a Java developer you dep art join a team of developers, where you will be taking part in designing, building, testing, and troubleshooting of the softw atomic number 18 platform SOMA . Currently our platform processes more than 1 billion inbound ad-requests per day.Each incoming request generates multiple outbound requests to Smaatos partners. SKILLS ? Attention to detail ? companionship of relevant procedures and tools ? Teamwork, initiative, flexibility and commitment ? Good knowledge of English ? Motivation to develop themselves personally and professionally ? Desire to work in a fast growing environment ? German language skills are nice to have QUALIFICATIONS ? Minimum Education Bachelors Degree ? Minimum Field of Expertise Information engine room ? Evaluated Experience in Java development ? Preferred Experience 3 years Do you dislodge this challenge attractive? Please send your CV on emailprotected eu

Differences in Cultural Conceptions of Intelligence

There be many definitions of discussion gibe to both formal and informal theories. Under formal theories, intelligence is associated to adaptation to the environment and the capability to learn. tally to experts, there is an intelligence factor, referred to as g, which dictates all adaptive behaviors such as mental, verbal, creative and mechanical abilities. On the other hand, informal theories define intelligence using verbal, practical and genial abilities. Conventional measurements of intelligence claim IQ (intelligence quotient) tests.However, different cultures define and measure intelligence differently. westbound and Eastern cultures see intelligence in varying perspective according to important factors in each of these two societies (Sternberg et al, 2005). Hesperian culture, such in the United States and most parts of Europe, traditionally defines intelligence as the mental capacity for analytical and argumentation as evidenced by strong performance in practical pro blem solving, verbal and social skills.Accordingly, several tests in the United States are subprogramd to gauge a persons intelligence. Examples are the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Intelligence Scales, Cognitive Abilities Test, and School and College Abilities Tests (Sternberg, 2007). Eastern cultures have an entirely different conventional get of intelligence. In China, for example, intelligence covers righteousness, benevolence, humility, self-knowledge and character as some of the traits that are associated when describing intelligence in addition to cognitive abilities.Furthermore, in Taiwanese Chinese, there are five conceptions regarding intelligence. These are cognitive, interpersonal, intrapersonal, intellectual self-assertion, and self-effacement. With the above differences in the information of intelligence in two representative cultures such as the Chinese (Eastern) and American (Western), comes equivalent parameters that should be remembered to me asure abilities. Each has its own methods for testing linguistic, spacial and interpersonal skills (Sternberg, 2007).For testing linguistic capabilities, it is important to deliberate into account the use of appropriate language medium. The two cultures agree on using their native tongues for assessing intelligence of members of the said cultures. The English language is prevalently used in American schools on the other hand, Chinese characters are common in schools in China. The use of figures and characters in the latter language gives advantage to Chinese students in their spatial abilities whereas abstract thinking and imagination is inspired in American setting.Therefore, a glaring oppose in tests given to American and Chinese students lies in the presence or degree of creativity and spatial skills tests, respectively. As mentioned above, there is great advantage among Chinese with regards to spatial thinking skills which can be attributed to the use of characters and physic al representations in their language. On the other hand, emphasis is given on the use of alphanumeric characters in Western culture which partly results in abstract reasoning. This is why there are more tests dealings with creative thinking in Western than in Chinese culture.With regards to interpersonal skills, teamwork and collaboration is highlighted in the Western culture while in Eastern culture, the importance of excelling and being independent in order to result or be an example to other people takes precedence. In other words the difference lies in the Eastern focus on the self as exemplified in the Taoist tradition unlike the Westerns emphasis on unity. Therefore, Eastern culture test for how best to surpass ones successes while Western culture evaluate a persons ability to be arable within a group (Sternberg, 2007).

Adjusting to Terrorism in the United States

After the terrorist attack of 9-11, the coupled States made several changes to policies concerning visitors into the join States. More tending is required at the clay sculptures, airports, mail system, and intranet to protect citizens of the United States against terrorism. In this paper, we will discuss a object to make the criminal justice agencies in the United States better prepared for terrorist attacks. Border Patrol is articulation of the criminal justice agency and responsible for protecting the springs of the United States against illegal immigrants from entering the U. S. without proper authorization.I would like to propose the United States completely fencing in our country instead of just fencing a third as we do presently. This will enable our agents to enforce the laws much effectively ball upwise the United States. Many borders are open along the Vermont and Canadian. People are able to cross the border without detection. People know there is nothing to stop them from traveling route 2 and disappearing (Peak 2010). This resultant role needs attention so all borders need patrolled equally to ensure the safety of the United States. The worlds prolonged undefended border is between Canada and the United States.This runs along the 49th parallel of the west coast to Lake master key and following natural boundaries for the remainder (International Boundary Commission 2011). Expense is a negative consequence to this proposal however, the money the United States saves in health care, education, and loss of employment caused by illegal immigrants will knuckle under for the expansion of the border. Safety is the positive to the border issue, we have too many illegal people pass over into the United States and more force needs to take place in order to change the on- termination situation.With more border protection, the United States can control drug traffic, human trafficking, and illegal aliens residing in the United States. Each year, a ccording to the U. S. Customs, 60 million people come to the United States aboard 675,000 commercial and nonpublic flights. Six million arrive by sea and 370 million by land and 116 million vehicles cross the land borders with Canada and Mexico. It is estimated around 90,000 merchant and passenger ships enter U. S. ports. Each ship can carry more than 9 million shipping containers and 400 million tons of cargo.This voluminous trade, drug traffickers conceal cocaine, heroin, marijuana, MDMA, and scum shipments for distribution in U. S. neighborhoods (U. S. Drug Enforcement position 2004). The budget for this expansion will include more border patrol officers, weapons, artillery, material, and funding from the government. Each border needs supervisors to supervise the operation of each station. Each officer needs to go through a training period of 6 weeks before assigned to a duty station.The estimated cost for this project is 1. 5 billion dollars. In conclusion, our borders are u nprotected around the United States and serious measure need taken to control the illegal aliens entering on a routine basis. Without proper patrol, the United States is at risk of all types of illegal operations coming in and going out of our country through ships, planes, and trains. This proposal will decrease the amount of illegal persons and merchandise transported across what is now unprotected by guards.ReferencesInternational Boundary Commission Canadian Info Retrieved from http//www.craigmarlatt.com/canada/canadathe_world/canadaus_border.html on January 31, 2011 Peak, K, 2010 legal expert Administration Police, Courts, and Corrections Management, Sixth Edition Published by Prentice Hall. By Pearson Education, Inc U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency Drug Trafficking in the United States 2004 Retrieved from http//www.policyalmanac.org/crime/archive/drug_trafficking.shtml on January 31, 2011

Chester Company Essay

A unique and interesting problem arose when one come with, a monopoly in spite of appearance the business-to-business (B2B) sensor market, split into six companies with identical products and equal footing within the market. As Director of finance for Chester attach to, one of the newly formed entities, it is all important(p) for me to identify a dodging that leave alone enable the company to remain viable and be successful in the future. An in-depth analysis of the industry situation report provided right-hand(a) metrics to project future customer desires and total market potential.In order to be successful, the strategy that the management team develops moldiness work within the identified parameters while attempting to predict how the other 5 companies in the B2B sensor market ordain proceed. There are only two plane sections of the B2B sensor market modest engineering science and blue technology.The only product Chester order offers currently fulfills the needs of both markets merely this will change as the newly formed entities revise and develop products to meet customer needs. The high tech segment is entreatying but will require continual investment in enquiry and development to maintain the standards that customers expect. It will be easier to meet the needs of the customers within the low tech segment but there will likely be more competition for market parcel.1. The strategy that I would like to see the management of Chester Company adopt over the next five years is that of box cost leader (Capsim Management Simulations, 2012) for the low technology segment of the B2B sensor market and to obtain xxxv percent of that market. This will be achieved by appealing to customers sense of thrift. To cut prices below the competition, management should obtain the current product and non invest much in research and development. Production costs must similarly be greatly reduced.To do this, an first investment in automation is necessary a s it will reduce labor expenses in future years which will increase the margin and gainfulness of the company. This investment will be financed through the issuance of stock and long term bonds. I also plan to provide the merchandise department with a very generous budget in the prime(prenominal) couple of years to aggressively target the market and increase the awareness and accessibility of the product early on. Short term borrowing will be necessary to finance operations and provide a cash cushion to prevent the need for an emergency loan.2. There is a great chance for Chester Company to earn good profits within the low tech segment over the next five years. Although the price of the product must be kept to a minimum this will be source by decreasing costs which increases the contribution margin. Also, there is greater demand for products in the low technology segment of the B2B sensor market which is expected to increase approximately ten percent each year. However, Chester Company shareholders may realize a loss in the first year due to the high marketing budget and cost of labor because the automation rating is low. Unfortunately, some sacrifices will need to be make early on to realize greater profits in the long term.3. The product that is most important to the success of Chester Company is Cake the product currently being produced. During the first year of business, this product will have the ability to appeal to customers across both segments of the B2B sensor market and will ultimately wrench the favored product of the low tech segment. Management will take advantage of the dual appeal of Cake in the first year by taking a portion of both the low tech and high tech markets in an attempt to retain some profitability. Ultimately, the product will be positioned so that it takes a large portion of the low tech market and will likely not take any portion of the high tech market by the fifth year. The plan that I developed focuses primarily on the su ccess of the company for the next five years as there will be a lot of volatility in the market and further projections are unrealistic to make at this time.It is difficult to predict how the competitors within the B2B sensor market will be positioned which makes it natural for management to decrease costs as much as possible and increase market share within the low technology segment of the market. My advice to the rest of the management team is to avoid the appeal of ontogeny a new product for either market early on and to avoid the high tech market altogether within the first five years because it will be difficult decent to remain profitable and succeed without squandering business assets on developing a product which will have little chance of being profitable within that timeframe.

You can chose from the instruction that I attarched Research Paper

You can chose from the instruction that I attarched - Research publisher ExampleThis essay discusses acupuncture and the ways in which its appliances help in the retrieveing process of the body, heading and spirit.Acupuncture relieves the bodys utilities and stimulates the natural self-healing progression by triggering particular anatomic points typically cognise as acupoints or acupuncture points. The most typical technique employed to stimulate acupuncture points is the injecting of fine, sterilized needles into specific site of the body. Electrical stimulation, heat, or pressure may promote more impact of acupuncture. superfluous acupoint stimulation methods comprise of linaments, heat therapy or moxibustion, cupping, manual massage and the use of topical herbal medicines (Bruno, 2012). conventional Chinese Medicine is centered on an early philosophy that refers to the world and the body, in reference of both contrasting energies yin and yang. If these energies happen to be in balance, then the body is healthy. Force, known as qi moves along particular passageways, named meridians, all over the body. This continuous movement of force maintains the yin and yang energies in balance. Nevertheless, if the movement of force gets jammed, the occluded front can lead to illness, lack of function, or pain. Acupuncture treatment can cleared qi in the body and arouse function, inducing the physical, natural restoration reaction through numerous physiological frames. modern studies have proved acupunctures impact on the cardiovascular system, immune systems and endocrine, nervous system and digestive system. Through stimulating the bodys different systems, acupuncture can assist to heal pain, and enhance sleep and a sense of comfort (Cim.ucsd, 2015).To start with, the acupuncturist attending will query close to the general health history of the client. After that, he or she will scrutinize the tongues coating, color, and shape, feel the clients pulse and mayb e perform some extra bodily checkups relying on the person health requirement.

Strategic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic - Essay Example usher argues that scheme is most positioning not about operational effectiveness. This essay is a critical discussion of this view. It besides offers a comparison between Porters views and other perspectives such as those of Mazzucatos, Mintzberg, Waters and Grant.Porter (1996 p. 62) attributes lack of sustainable profitability in an organization to the inability of management to differentiate between strategy and operational effectiveness. Under such circumstances, the tools for management such as benchmarking, outsourcing, and total quality management among others normally displace strategy, which lowers the chances of improving organizational performance through strategy. The operational effectiveness and strategy are meaningful for the organizational performance, but according to Porter, they are supposed to be treated differently as they go away in diverse ways. In his view, position accompanied by pattern, plan and standpoint are join to strate gy.Porters dissatisfaction with the management that focuses on operational effectiveness rather than strategic positioning is represented in figure 1.0, whereby the total of all the available best practices within the organization or the lever generated by the organization at a certain charge, available machinery, expertise, management practices, and procured inputs is represented by the productivity frontier (p. 63). This curve indicates that an improvement in the operational effectiveness leads to the advancement of the organization in the rush of the frontier. The frontier on the other hand is continuously budges outward as the company acquires new skills and machinery. In order to maintain this shift of the frontier, managers largely invest in organizational learning, career development and such activities that enhance organizational improvement.Organizational competitiveness is not

Women's Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Womens Rights - Essay ExampleThe considerable distinctness in how women are treated otherwise when comparing the West and the East is rather alarming and perhaps the most incredulous part of all told is how a few(prenominal) people across the world actually seem to realize it.Over the past few decades, womens rights have changed dramatically, regarding issues ranging from their participation in the work force to how they are treated as a human being being. Although this change may seem altogether positive, the actuality of it differs from different parts of the world. When comparing the east and western stopping fountainhead in reference to women, there are many things to consider, all of which can be understood more(prenominal) clearly by addressing the following questionsWhen discussing how women are treated differently in Middle East countries compared to the Western culture, the difference is quite extreme. In countries such as Canada and the United States, women are bas ically at the point where they can dress, speak and act however they please whereas in a Middle Eastern boorish such as Iran or Iraq for example, a womans actions and wardrobe are specifically laid out for her and evaluate to be followed.In the Middle East, women are seen as sources of seduction that are responsible for mans inability to live on them, and because they are considered to be the inferior sex, it is assumed to be their duty to control their sexuality. As Ayubi states, it is believed that women must be hidden and separated from men so that the males are not overpowered by feminine sexual appeal. (p. 3). cod to this theory, there is a custom to which all women living in Middle East countries are expect to abide by - veiling. Veiling is a custom which involves the woman covering her entire body (including hair) shut for the hands and face. It has become a symbol of female virtue and obedience to Allah - the Arabic name for matinee idol - and is a crucial part of the Islamic code which stresses sexual segregation. Spivey (n.d.) wrote that women are expected to dress this dash due to the fact that women are merely sexual beings who need to be controlled. Men and women are considered to be in two separate spheres with mens role being in the public sphere, and womens in the private sphere. Women veil themselves when they go outside, onto the street, or into shops, because they have entered the male sphere. This way they are considered invisible and show that they respect the men, and that they understand they are in mans domain. Middle Eastern society revolves primly around the concept of public morality. Honour and respect are of the utmost grave in this type of society, and upholding this honour for the family is a vital responsibility. This is believed by some - mostly men - to be a reasonable explanation as to why women are expecte

Organization importance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organization importance - Essay ExampleOf course, the club fulfills its responsibilities as well as other similar organizations all over the world. However, lets see how good directly Islamic clubs are in which the unifying and underlying factor is the religion. The first point which College administration can pay attention at, is how do participating in the Club influences the studying.Currently a lot of talks are about the wonders of the Quran. This paper is interesting from the point of view of science. Through research many of the events are proved basing on scientific facts, as well as wonderful prophecy. In the verses of the Quran there are truthful revelations that came real and continue to come true nowadays. It may sound surprising, in the Quran there is no unreasoning faith and fear, and it is based on the principle of calling people to think, learn and take responsibility for their actions. Do not forget what a huge contribution to the development of society Muslim scho lars did. The Muslims became the founders of such sciences as arithmetic, analytic geometry, spherical trigonometry and planar. The vast majority of Muslim scholars were pious people. According to Islamic laws, both believer should strive for knowledge.The first Muslims differed not only by fear of God, but also the granting immunity of thinking, readiness to accept new, for example, in the technology. Quran affects a lot of sciences - astronomy, physics, geography, geology, oceanography, biology, botany, zoology, history, medicine and physiology (Fatoohi 86). Thus it is interesting for scientists from diametrical areas (Fatoohi 91).atomic number 63 was still in the dark ages, when the religious Muslims invited their first discoveries. A lot of important things were brought to Europe from Muslim regions, such as Arabic numerals with the principle of the zero vital to the advancement of mathematics and the habit of algebra (Fatoohi 91). The idea of

Critical review for movie Casablanca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical review for movie Casablanca - Essay ExampleThen by train, automobile or on foot through North Africa in Casablanca, French Morocco. Here, the lucky ones, thanks to currency or friends, could get exit visas and run further, in Lisbon and thence to the New World. Others had to wait in Casablanca. Victor and Ilsa tried to get out of Casablanca by all means, because Gestapo trailed them and Major Strasser has arrived to the city. With the support of the Prefect of Police, Captain Renault, Strasser tries to hinder Laszlos path to freedom. In this complex situation, it appears that the only person who can help the Laszlos is Rick.Everything is clear with the runner character, Rick Blaine. Hiding under the guise of fictitious skepticism and indifference he stays the animate fighter for justice. Its much harder with Ilsa Lund. On the one hand, it seems she is naive, trusting and maybe even spineless, if we look at how torn she is between two men. On the other hand, she has trag ic experience and has a strong object lesson compass. Behind her crystal clear purity we see hiding pain of loss, when she was losing one beloved macrocosm after another. Michael Curtiz was the one who tried to understand that complex psychological drama of the characters and make that story appealing. The ordinary set-up is clear, but lets add to all this the bloody war, human struggle, nobility, dignity, faith and you will get Casablanca - the film that became the substantial classic of cinematograph. This romantic drama does not reflect the realities of war, but gives a general feeling that prevailed in the American and European societies at that time.Films are not called the classics just for nothing. Curtizs film has all the nearly faithful reasons to be one. Behind the apparent truism (or even banality) we see a hidden socio-political conflict, which does not spoil the movie instead it raises it to another level. The problems of three little people dont rightfully amount to a hill of beans in this crazy world. Love or

Reading response in language discrimination Essay

narration response in language discrimination - Essay ExampleIn these chapters Lippi Green discussed openly by means of examples that how language subordination had negatively affected the speakers of various languages resides in the United States. Since the 18th century this is the caper that persists in the United States where people are still facing discrimination due to their non-American accent. The author brocaded several(prenominal)(prenominal) evidences to support her arguments therefore she used several authentic information and facts and figures in her findings from 1800 to onward. America has been the preindication for several immigrants and people are visiting this country for several reasons, but no matter how enormous they lived in the United States they are unable to learn the accent of Native Americans. Lippi Green had strongly strange discrimination on the basis of language and accent and called it just a myth. The topic has been researched by several well kno wn researchers and authors across the world in different eras and they did their level best to discuss different aspects of language discrimination. The effect of such efforts can be seen in the modern society where people prepare learned to ignore some traditional questions such as race, ethnicity, culture, accent, etc. unfortunately, such things are non completely eliminated from the American society and authors like Lippi Green still needs to work on this issue.To tonus at the issue of language discrimination in the United States, the Author Lippi Green used several authentic and genuine sources. To discuss the issue clearly, Lippi Green used a comparison of political cartoons, US census, historical data of World War II to understand the types of immigrants to the US and an in-depth analysis of the literature of other(a) well known authors. Apart from such sources, the author used a group of frameworks to further enlighten this topic. The author used to include her casual ob servation, legitimated data taken from journals and many latest tools to sketch the

Corporate Compliance Plan Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Compliance Plan Paper - Essay ExampleThese risks embarrass financial malpractice, product liability amongst others. This is the reason why this confederacy needs a picture purpose to ensure that it has sound business objectives and can manage its risks effectively and in accordance with the laws.This document is loss to describe the control program of Riordan Manufacturing Company. The control plan is in line with the principles that were identified by the committal of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The control components that Riordan will use are similarly included in this control plan and are in accordance with the ones identified by the above commission. A friendship of Riordans term is bound to experience enterprise risks of varying magnitude, and that is the reason that the enterprise risk management plan of this company will be provided. It is important to identify the roles that will be played by various force in the company as far as the implementation of this control plan is concerned. These responsibilities will be identified. The limitations and weaknesses of enterprise risk management will also be included in the paper.A control plan has to take into consideration the enterprise risk management that is contingent to that company. These are the methods and processes that are active by any organization in order to deal with risks that are detrimental to the achievement of the companys objectives and goals (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission COSO, 2004). Not only does the company use these methods to manage the risks particular to it, but it also uses it to take advantage of opportunities that avail themselves to it. This is because every risk has the potential of hindering the achievement of a particular goal or presenting an opportunity to the company. The process of risk management is adopted by the directors of the company. It is used by

Water pollution- a key to wastewater management Essay

peeing pollution- a key to wastewater management - Essay ExampleWater erect be referred as the lifeblood of socio-economic development of a nation. In recent years, climate change has displaced opposite environmental issues to become the realisms deem one problem.But the alarming water scarcity is an issue as important and even more fast threat. The Earth, with its abundant and diverse life forms, including more than six billion human beings, at the 21st century is confronting a severe water crisis. A decade ago it was announced that by 2025 one troika of the world population gather this shortage, but that threshold has already been reached. Two billion people suffer from this problem and by 2025, that calculation could be double (more than four billion, taking into account the increase of the world population), unless there atomic number 18 changes in the trends of today. Demand for water is increasing rapidly, but its depict is limited, decreases and is affected by the deterioration of watersheds due to deforestation and erosion (Johnson, Revenga and Echeverria 1071). The underground fluid extraction has caused declines in groundwater levels in India, China, Russia, the unite States and Western Asia. The global population explosion, breathless advancement on the scientific front, the surge in stock of living of man, and his ingenuity in abusing scientific knowledge, all have placed accumulative demands on indwelling re springs of water. Overlying on this is the water pollution problem which deeply affects the utility of operable supplies (Stander 774). The water supply specifically comprises of that found in lakes, underground reservoirs, along with that is brought from afar by pipelines and canals. Some of it evaporates, some is utilised for farming and some passes to the ground. The remainder referred as run-off is liberated into surface streams and runs into the ocean. As suggested by Packman, Of the 30 inches of honest annual precipitatio n in the United States, about 8.5 inches, or 1.2 trillion gallons a day, is run-off. This research attempts to look for the answers to the question that is since water scarcity is growing day by day, being an important cause of the issue, can improvement in wastewater management help in solving the problem? The main list for the research could be that the waste water management can be improved while the other side focuses on the increasing industrialization which hinders the efficiency of wastewater management. So in order to canvas the answer to my research question, various solutions are rhetorically analyzed and various views on the topic are generated. Global Water Shortage Will the Earth run out of fresh water? This is a research paper written by Mary H. Cooper and serves as a comprehensive source for acknowledging the issue of water shortage worldwide. The article introduces the topic as a controversy that revolves around the intimately essential commodity for life i.e. w ater. The author thoroughly analyzed the issue and proposed that there are several(prenominal) causes of water shortage, including the population growth, mismanagement of water resources as well as pollution. The author persuasively conveys that the in order to address the water shortage issue, there are less number of pragmatic scientific solutions are available. So the ways suggested by the author to cut down demand include the preservation measures and letting consumers pay off the actual cost of the water utilized by them. According to author, water mismanagement has turned a large proportion of the fresh water of the world into a take infectious disease source. And the sewage and the waste water treatment are referred as the main culprit. Although the source does not provide a single solution, but the pros and cons of the water management are provided (Cooper). Water for the prox This topic refers to a report by M. Packman. In the given report, the author had explored the va rious water resources available to the world along with the