Risk Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract: An appropriate amount of exercise is a viable means to effectively manage the primary risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that exercise improves the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen, and enhances the capacity of the blood vessels to dilate in response to exercise, consistent with better ability to provide oxygen to the muscles during exercise. Additionally, the exercise enhances the respiratory and cardiovascular systems by inducing higher breathing rate and faster heart rate. An experiment was conducted to measure the respiratory and cardiovascular changes during exercise in a laboratory setting. Subjects were females between the age of 20 and 22, who were divided into two groups based†¦show more content†¦As predicted, female athletes also demonstrated similar alveolar ventilation level as non-athlete ones. The differences between stroke volume and Pco2 rate in both groups were not found to be significant and thus rejected our hypothesis. It was determined that endurance and performance was greatly affected by both the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system, however, the differences in Pco2 and stroke volume were not significant between the female athletes and non-athletes. Introduction: Exercise is one of the most important elements in a person’s life. Numerus studies have shown that regular exercise reduces the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease. The physiological responses associated with regular exercise are very well known and scientifically proven to alter our cardiovascular system in different ways. According to Yamaji and his colleagues, there was a significant difference in the average values of the stroke volume between athletes and non-athletes (Yamaji et al. 1978). Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with each heartbeat. Increased sympathetic output to the heart such as exercise causes an increase in stroke volume. Increase in stroke volume should be different among athletes and non-athletes as well as having significant effects on Pco2 and VO2. A high capacity oxygen transport requires a large cardiac stroke volume. An increase in the diastolic heart volume results in a higher